Laser ,Types and Use

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  LASER :-                    LASER is an acronym of  Light Amplification by stimulated emission of Radiation. It is an optical device which produces an intensive beam of highly coherent, Monochromatic light[ Electromagnetic radiation, especially visible radiation, of only one frequency or wavelength]. It can travel over great distance without spread.   LASER LIGHT :-                                   1. It is very different than normal light and contains only one specific wavelength of light.                                 2. A laser light has very tight beam and is very strong and concentrated.                                 3. A laser light can go to the moon and th...
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Pressure of liquid with Pascal's Law and Applications

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What is Pressure of liquid?
    The normal force exerted by a liquid per unit area of the surface in contact is called Pressure of liquid OR Hydrostatic pressure. 

Some special properties of Liquid- 
- At any point inside the liquid, the pressure exerted by the liquid is directly proportional to its depth from the surface. 
-Liquid exerts pressure on the walls of the vessel containing it and this pressure increases with depth.
-At every point in every direction, the pressure exerted inside the liquid is the same. If a number of holes are made at the same height after filling the container with liquid, then the liquid will be released from every hole will be same.

What is Pascal's Law?
   It states that an increase pressure at one point of the enclosed liquid in equilibrium or rest is transmitted equally to all other points of the liquid and also to the walls of the container, provided the variation in effect of gravity is neglected.
                                              OR
  If the effect of gravity is neglected, the pressure at every point of liquid in equilibrium or rest is the same.

Applications- 
                      Hydraulic lift- 
 It is based on the simple principle that when a small force is applied over a  piston of small cross-section area, then due to transmission of the pressure, a large force is exerted over a piston of large cross-sectional area. This force is used to support and lift heavy weights.
           Hydraulic Brakes- 

 Hydraulic brakes used in vehicles also based on the principle of transmission of pressure in a liquid. 
     When the driver puts pressure on the brake pedal, the lever system moves a piston into a cylinder containing brake oil. This cylinder is called the Master cylinder.
  The Master cylinder is connected through a tube to wheel cylinder having two pistons which are connected to the brake shoes. when the brake pedal is pressed, the increase in pressure is transmitted to the pistons through the brake oil. the pistons move outwards and press the brake shoes against the rim of the wheel, thus retarding the motion of the wheel.

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